FARETTA VS. CALIFORNIA
422 U.S. 806, 818-820 (1975) - in pertinent part.

The Sixth Amendment includes a compact statement of the rights necessary to a full defense:

 

“In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right ... to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.”

 

Because these rights are basic to our adversary system of criminal justice, they are part of the “due process of law” that is guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment to defendants in the criminal courts of the States.  The rights to notice, confrontations, and compulsory, when taken guarantee that a criminal charge may be answered in a matter now considered fundamental to the fair administration of American justice-through the calling and interrogation of favorable witnesses, the cross-examination of adverse witnesses, and the orderly introduction of evidence.  In short, the Amendment constitutionalizes the right in an adversary criminal trial to make a defense as we know it.

 

The Sixth Amendment does not provide merely that a defense shall be made for the accused; it grants to the accused personally the right to make his defense.  It is the accused, not counsel, who must be accorded “compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. ”

 

The right to defend is given directly to the accused; for it is he who suffers the consequences if the defense fails.

 

The counsel provision supplements this design.  It speaks of the “assistance” of counsel, and an assistant, however, expert is still an assistant...

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